Abstract: This article explores the advance of the prison reform in the Russian Empire.It examines the governmental department that was the driver of this reform, the Main Prison Administration, and focuses on its policy in the domain of the forced labour of prisoners.Two types of forced labour are of particular interest here.One is the traditional

Successful prediction of the likely paths of tumor progression is valuable for diagnostic, prognostic, and treatment purposes.Cancer progression models (CPMs) use cross-sectional samples to identify restrictions in the order of accumulation of driver mutations and thus CPMs encode the paths of tumor progression.Here we analyze the performance of fo

BACKGROUND: Cell plate formation during plant cytokinesis is facilitated by SNARE complex-mediated vesicle fusion at the cell-division plane.However, our knowledge regarding R-SNARE components of membrane fusion machinery for cell plate formation remains quite limited.METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We report the in vivo function of Arabidopsis VAM

Fundamentals of Linguistic Typology by Vali Rezai and Fatemeh Bahrami is written based on the curriculum of the linguistic typology course for MA degree in linguistics, and aims at presenting basic concepts of this field to students and other interested audience.The book is organized in 10 chapters, which, apart from those devoted to the history, C

Remote sensing imagery has become an operative and applicable tool for the preparation of geological maps by reducing the costs and increasing the precision.In this study, ASTER satellite remote sensing data were used to extract lithological information of Deh-Molla sedimentary succession, which is located in the southwest of Shahrood city, Semnan